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Field
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Research Front Name
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Description
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Agricultural
Sciences
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  ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PHENOLIC
COMPOUNDS; RUBUS SPECIES (FAMILY ROSACEAE)
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There is intense interest in the phytochemical
composition and antioxidant properties of fruits and
vegetables because of their possible health benefits.
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Emerging Research Comment
by:
Ron Wrolstad
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Biology &
Biochemistry
FEATURED
FRONT
with corresponding map:
"MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE
OXYGEN SPECIES"
|
 ENHANCING MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE
OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION; SUPEROXIDE ACTIVATES
MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PROTEINS
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Superoxide activates uncoupling proteins and their
putative roles in energy dissipation, obesity and
regulation of insulin secretion and regulation of
mitochondrial radical production, aging, and
degenerative diseases.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Martin Brand
|
|
Chemistry
|
 ZINC OXIDE HEXAGONAL NANORINGS; ZNO
NANOCRYSTALS; ZNO NANORODS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL
HEXAGONAL DISKS
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Demonstration of the collective behavior of
nanoparticles as well as a convenient, simple technique
for production of one-dimensional semiconductor
colloids suitable for subsequent processing into
quantum-confined superstructures, materials, and
devices.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Nicholas A. Kotov
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Clinical
Medicine
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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;
LIFETIME RISK
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Context Modifiable behavioral risk factors are leading
causes of mortality in the United States, providing
insights into missed prevention opportunities.
|
Computer
Science
FEATURED
FRONT
with corresponding map:
"
HAPLOTYPE TAG
SNPS"
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HAPLOTYPE TAG SNPS; ASSOCIATION ANALYSES USING LINKAGE
DISEQUILIBRIUM; HUMAN GENOME; HAPLOTYPE BLOCKS
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Results provide a foundation for the construction of a
haplotype map of the human genome, facilitating
comprehensive genetic association studies of human
disease.
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Economics &
Business
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TRIAL-BASED COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS;
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ACCEPTABILITY CURVES; HEALTH CARE
COST-EFFECTIVENESS
|
The relationship between cost-effectiveness
acceptability curves and decision-making in health care
and the introduction of the concept of the
cost-effectiveness frontier.
|
|
Engineering
|
SHOTGUN TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS;
ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS;
MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONISATION TANDEM MASS
SPECTROMETRY
|
Mechanisms involved in the formation of various product
ions following collisional activation of molecular ion
species generated by electrospray ionization of the
common glycerophospholipids.
|
Environment/
Ecology
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DNA REPAIR GENES USING CYTOGENETIC CHALLENGE ASSAYS;
CANCER RISK; BLADDER CANCER; NON-SMALL CELL LUNG
CANCER; BASE EXCISION REPAIR PATHWAY
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Common polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may alter
protein function and an individual's capacity to repair
damaged DNA; deficits in repair capacity may lead to
genetic instability and carcinogenesis.
|
|
Geosciences
|
 MODIS AEROSOL ALGORITHM; AEROSOL
OPTICAL DEPTH; KEY AEROSOL TYPES; TERRA MODIS LAND
PRODUCTS
|
A summary of multi-year aerosol observations—the
property which drives the impact of aerosol on the
radiative balance of the atmosphere.
|
Emerging Research Comment by:
Oleg Dubovik
|
|
Immunology
|
 TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES
(DEFECTIVE NF-KAPPA B); DISTINCT M2 POLARISED
POPULATION; TUMOUR PROGRESSION; MACROPHAGE
POLARIZATION
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A current understanding of the diversity of macrophage
activation in terms of polarization of cells with
different functional properties, including a review of
tumor-associated macrophages and the relationship of
inflammation and cancer.
|
Emerging Research Comment by:
Alberto Mantovani
|
Materials
Science
|
 NYLON 6/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES USING
COMPOSITE THEORIES; POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES;
POLYETHYLENE-LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES
|
Nanocomposites based on nylon 6 exhibit higher extents
of platelet exfoliation and better mechanical
properties than nanocomposites formed from low
molecular grade polyamide, a trend attributed to the
higher melt viscosity and higher shear stresses
generated during melt processing.
|
Emerging Research Comment by:
Timothy D. Fornes & Don Paul
|
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Mathematics
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SUMMARIZED DOSE-RESPONSE DATA; GENERALIZED LEAST
SQUARES; QUANTIFYING HETEROGENEITY; TREND ESTIMATION;
MEASURING INCONSISTENCY
|
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses can provide
convincing and reliable evidence relevant to many
aspects of medicine and healthcare.
|
|
Microbiology
|
 ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; MACROCYCLIC
LACTONE RESISTANCE; DRUG RESISTANCE; BENZIMIDAZOLE
RESISTANCE
|
Drug resistance in nematode parasites of grazing
livestock is one of the most significant issues facing
animal production systems across much of the world.
|
Emerging Research Comment by:
Ray M. Kaplan
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Molecular Biology
& Genetics
|
 DNA METHYLATION MARKERS; HUMAN CANCER
CELLS; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE; HISTONE MODIFICATIONS
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Evidence shows that abnormal silencing of genes plays a
surprisingly major role in the biology of human
cancer—from initiation through progression.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Stephen A. Baylin & Peter A.
Jones
|
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Multidisciplinary
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DNA REPAIR GLYCOSYLASES; REPAIR ENZYME INTERROGATING
UNDAMAGED DNA ELUCIDATES RECOGNITION; BASE EXCISION
REPAIR ENZYMES; EXTENDED WEAK BONDING INTERACTIONS
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The importance of DNA glycosylases in biology and
medicine continues to expand as our understanding of
their functions increases.
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Neuroscience &
Behavior
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VOMERONASAL SYSTEM PHEROMONE SIGNALS; VOMERONASAL
ORGAN; CHEMOSENSORY SIGNALS
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The mouse vomeronasal organ is thought to mediate
social behaviors and neuroendocrine changes elicited by
pheromonal cues.
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Pharmacology &
Toxicology
|
 ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR-MEDIATED
INDUCTION; ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTORS; ESTROGEN
RECEPTOR SIGNALLING; ACTIVATED DIOXIN RECEPTOR
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Environmental contaminants affect a wide variety of
biological events in many species, for example, dioxins
that exert adverse estrogen-related effects.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Shigeaki Kato
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Physics
FEATURED
FRONT
with corresponding map:
"
THIN-FILM ORGANIC SOLAR
CELLS"
|
EFFICIENT BULK HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS;
ORGANIC SMALL MOLECULE
SOLAR CELLS; EFFICIENT
THIN-FILM ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS;
2% EFFICIENT ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
|
A consideration of the physics underlying the operation
of single and multiple heterojunction, vacuum-deposited
organic solar cells based on small molecular weight
thin films.
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Plant &
Animal Science
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ECOLOGY; STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING; INFORMATION
THEORY; USING INFORMATION-THEORETIC METHODS
|
Model selection is now being implemented by researchers
in ecology and evolution as a valuable alternative to
traditional null hypothesis testing, especially when
more than one hypothesis is plausible.
|
Psychiatry/
Psychology
|
CORONARY HEART DISEASE; PHYSICAL HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
|
Childhood family environments represent vital links for
understanding mental and physical health across the
life span.
|
Social Sciences,
general
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EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED
TRIAL; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; INCREASED ACCESS
|
Three regimens studied are very efficacious for
emergency contraception and prevent a high proportion
of pregnancies if taken within five days of unprotected
coitus.
|
Space
Science
|
DARK MATTER HALOES; EXCURSION
SET MODEL; HUBBLE VOLUME SIMULATIONS; SKY SURVEY
POPULATIONS
|
Data from a number of N-body simulations is combined to
predict the abundance of dark haloes in cold dark
matter universes over more than four orders of
magnitude in mass.
|
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2001-2007_6
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