Fetal and perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BPA induce a precancerous lesion, intraductal hyperplasias, during adult life. A. Mammary gland whole-mounts from a 3-month old mouse exposed perinatally to 250 ng BPA/kg/day. Most ducts in the field look like a string of beads (Beaded ducts). B. Confocal image of a beaded duct in BPA-exposed females demonstrate the presence of cells inside the ductal lumen. C. Beaded ducts in a whole-mounted mammary gland from BPA-exposed offspring. Glands from 9-month-old females exposed to BPA during perinatal development; beads are marked by arrowheads D. Quantification of the proliferative index in normal ducts (non-beads) and beaded ducts , indicate an almost 5-fold increase in proliferation in beaded ducts (p = 0.001). View a larger image (please allow extra load time on slower connections).

This photo was taken in the lab. I am at center of the first row, between my partners, professors Beverly Rubin and Carlos Sonnenschein. View a larger image (please allow extra load time on slower connections).