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Field
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Research Front Name
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Description
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Agricultural
Sciences
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SUSTAINABLE WINTER WHEAT; SOIL RESILIENCE; SOIL WATER
REGIME; SUSTAINABLE SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS
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Nitrogen balances and the behavior of surplus nitrogen in
the soil-plant system.
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Biology &
Biochemistry
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  GLUCOSE TOXICITY; OXIDATIVE
STRESS-ACTIVATED SIGNALING PATHWAY MEDIATORS; TYPE 2
DIABETES; PANCREATIC ISLET BETA
CELLS
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The pathogenic effect of high glucose is mediated by the
increased production of reactive oxygen species and
reactive nitrogen species and subsequent oxidative stress.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Joseph
L. Evans
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Chemistry
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IRON-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC SULFIDE OXIDATION;
VANADIUM-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC OXIDATIONS; CHIRAL SULFOXIDES
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Chiral sulfoxides are often employed in synthetic organic
chemistry because of the chiral control they impart on the
formation of asymmetric carbon-carbon bonds.
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Clinical
Medicine
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HUMAN CANCER GENES; CENSUS; PATHWAYS; CONTROL
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Many genes responsible for the genesis of various cancers
have been discovered, their mutations precisely identified,
and the pathways through which they act characterized.
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Computer
Science
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UCSC GENOME BROWSER DATABASE; UCSC KNOWN GENES; ENSEMBL
2006
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The Ensembl project provides a comprehensive and integrated
source of annotation of large genome sequences.
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Economics &
Business
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 GAMES THEORY NEW LOGARITHMIC NORMALIZATION
METHOD; MULTI-ATTRIBUTE CONTRACTORS RANKING METHOD;
COPRAS METHOD; ROAD DESIGN SOLUTIONS
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Multiple criteria decision making methods are based on an
aggregating function which originated in the compromise
programming method.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Serafim Opricovic & Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng
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Engineering
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 INDUCTION MACHINE CONDITION MONITORING
USING NEURAL NETWORK MODELING; THREE-PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR STATOR FAULT; VOLTAGE-FED PWM INVERTER INDUCTION
MOTOR
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Using signal flow graphs of complex space vector quantities
to provide a description of the systems in sensorless
control of induction motors.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Joachim
Holtz
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Environment/
Ecology
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URINARY TRIVALENT METHYLATED ARSENIC SPECIES; HUMAN ARSENIC
METHYLTRANSFERASE CYT19; ARSENIC BIOTRANSFORMATION; ARSENIC
TOXICOLOGY
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There are marked differences in the metabolism of arsenic
between mammalian species, population groups, and
individuals.
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Geosciences
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 PULSED POSITIVE STREAMERS; REMOTELY SENSED
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE NO2; ADAPTIVE GRID REFINEMENT
STRATEGY; TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RAY FLASHES
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Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes from Earth's upper atmosphere
have been detected with the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar
Spectroscopic Imager satellite.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
David
M. Smith
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Immunology
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REGULATION; T CELL RESPONSES; INNATE RESISTANCE; ADAPTIVE
IMMUNITY; IL-12 FAMILY
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The role of the cytokine Interleukin-12 and of other
members of the family of heterodimeric cytokines in innate
resistance and adaptive immunity.
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Fast Breaking Paper Comment by:
Giorgio Trinchieri (Apr.
2004)
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Materials
Science
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 WAFER-SIZE COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; COLLOIDAL
CRYSTAL FILMS; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON
SOLAR CELLS; COLLOID-BASED
ANTIREFLECTIVE COATINGS
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A new strategy for making silica colloidal crystal films
with a sufficiently high level of structural perfection and
optical quality to make it competitive with photonic
crystal optical components.
|
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Geoffrey
Alan Ozin
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Mathematics
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NORMAL-DISPERSION FEMTOSECOND FIBER LASERS; MODE-LOCKED
SOLITON LASERS; SELF-SIMILAR EVOLUTION; PARABOLIC PULSES
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A new type of pulse shaping in mode-locked lasers, in
contrast to the well-known static and breathing pulse
evolutions.
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Microbiology
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PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STRAIN PA14 TRANSPOSON INSERTION
MUTANTS; COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPOSON MUTANT LIBRARY
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Screening for strains defective in two defined multigenic
processes (twitching motility and prototrophic growth)
identified mutants corresponding to nearly all genes
expected.
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Molecular Biology
& Genetics
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CELL REGULATORY SYSTEMS; COMPLEX CELLULAR SYSTEMS; PROTEIN
INTERACTION DOMAINS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
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Regulation of many different cellular processes requires
the use of protein interaction domains to direct the
association of polypeptides with one another and with
phospholipids, small molecules, or nucleic acids.
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Multidisciplinary
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INFLUENZA EVOLUTION ECOLOGICAL-IMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS;
INFLUENZA VIRUS; GENETIC EVOLUTION; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS
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The Evolutionary Infectivity Profile captures the
relationship between immune selection and pathogen
transmission.
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Neuroscience &
Behavior
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HIPPOCAMPUS COGNITIVE PROCESSES-NEURAL REPRESENTATIONS
UNDERLYING DECLARATIVE MEMORY; MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE
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The medial temporal lobe includes a system of anatomically
related structures that are essential for declarative
memory.
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Pharmacology &
Toxicology
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NUCLEAR FACTOR-KB; NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ENEMY WITHIN
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Suppression of NF-kappaB activation should be effective in
the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Physics
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 PARTIALLY COHERENT HERMITE-GAUSSIAN BEAMS;
STOCHASTIC ANISOTROPIC ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS; DARK
HOLLOW BEAMS
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A synthesis of two branches of optics, known as the theory
of coherence and the theory of polarization of light.
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Emerging Research Comment by:
Emil
Wolf
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Plant &
Animal Science
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FUNGAL SECONDARY METABOLISM BIOCHEMISTRY; CLUSTERED PATHWAY
GENES; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI
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Aflatoxin biosynthesis has been proposed to involve at
least 23 enzymatic reactions.
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Psychiatry/
Psychology
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PRENATAL CHOLINE SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES
NEUROPATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE; ADULT RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; INTERVAL
TIMING
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It is proposed that the brain represents time in a
distributed manner and tells the time by detecting the
coincidental activation of different neural populations.
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Social Sciences,
general
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HUMAN CHRONOBIOLOGY RESEARCH; COMPOSITE SCALE; PSYCHOMETRIC
PROPERTIES; ETHICS
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The ethical policies, standards and procedures for
chronobiology involving human and animal biological rhythm
research.
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Space
Science
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GALAXY MERGING TIME-SCALES; GALAXY GROWTH; LAMBDA CDM
COSMOLOGY; CONCORDANCE ACDM COSMOLOGY
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Although the evidence for a cold
dark matter dominated universe in
which structure grows hierarchically is overwhelming,
the role of mergers in galaxy assembly and star
formation remains unclear.
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2002-2008_6
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